- Common Cold

Bringing sniffles and sneezes and perhaps a sore throat and annoying cough, the common cold catches all of us from time to time.

With kids getting as many as eight colds per year or more, this contagious viral infection of the upper respiratory tract is the most common infectious disease in the United States and the No. 1 reason kids visit the doctor and stay home from school.

- Ketone

 A ketone (pronounced as key tone) is either the functional group characterized by a carbonyl group (O=C) linked to two other carbon atoms or a chemical compound that contains a carbonyl group. A ketone can be generally represented by the chemical formula: R₁(CO)R₂.

- ANTIBIOTICS THAT AFFECT THE CELL ENVELOPE

In contrast, antibiotics are agents that are "selectively" toxic for bacteria (either killing them [bactericidal] or inhibiting their growth [bacteriostatic]) without harm to the patient. They can thus be ingested. By definition, these compounds must act on structures found in bacteria, but not in the host.

- ONCOGENIC VIRUSES

Cancers are the result of a disruption of the normal restraints on cellular proliferation. It is apparent that the number of ways in which such disruption can occur is strictly limited and there may be as few as forty cellular genes in which mutation or some other disruption of their expression leads to unrestrained cell growth .

- Leishmaniasis

Several species of Leishmania are pathogenic for man: L. donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis  (Kala-azar, black disease, dumdum fever); L. tropica (L. t. major, L. t. minor and L. ethiopica) cause cutaneous leishmaniasis    (oriental sore, Delhi ulcer, Aleppo, Delhi or Baghdad boil); and L. braziliensis (also, L. mexicana and L. peruviana) are etiologic agents of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia, Uta, chiclero ulcer).